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Aphids and their diverse symbionts have become a good model to study bacteria-arthropod symbiosis. The feeding habits of aphids are usually influenced by a variety of symbionts. Most studies on symbiont diversity have focused on p...
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Aphids and their diverse symbionts have become a good model to study bacteria-arthropod symbiosis. The feeding habits of aphids are usually influenced by a variety of symbionts. Most studies on symbiont diversity have focused on polyphagous aphids, while symbiont community patterns for oligophagous aphids remain unclear. Here, we surveyed the bacterial communities in natural populations of two oligophagous aphids, Melanaphis sacchari and Neophyllaphis podocarpi, in natural populations. Seven common symbionts were detected, among which Buchnera aphidicola and Wolbachia were the most prevalent. In addition, an uncommon Sodalis-like symbiont was also detected in these two aphids, and Gilliamella was found in some samples of M. sacchari. We further assessed the significant variation in symbiont communities within the two aphid species, geographical regions and host specialization using statistical and ordination analyses. Geography was an important factor in shaping the symbiont community structure in these oligophagous aphids. Furthermore, the strong geographical influence may be related to specific environmental factors, especially temperature, among different regions. These findings extend our knowledge of the significance of geography and its associated environmental conditions in the symbiont community structure associated with oligophagous aphids.
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We report the development of 15 single-copy anonymous nuclear loci for the babbler bird Grey-cheeked Fulvetta (Alcippe morrisonia) and 11 for Rufous-capped Babbler (Stachyridopsis ruficeps). 66 potential loci were tested in A. mor...
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We report the development of 15 single-copy anonymous nuclear loci for the babbler bird Grey-cheeked Fulvetta (Alcippe morrisonia) and 11 for Rufous-capped Babbler (Stachyridopsis ruficeps). 66 potential loci were tested in A. morrisonia and 65 potential loci were tested in S. ruficeps. Sequences of the 26 loci revealed a high frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms. An average of 39 and 24 SNPs per kilobase were identified (total of 12,063 bp and 12,296 bp sequenced per individual) respectively. Cross-species amplification was achieved using screening conditions as for all loci in three species (Spizixos semitorques, Parus major and Cyanopica cyana). The markers documented here provide a useful resource for ecology, evolution and conservation research of passerine birds.
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Ipiniphilus spinicornis belongs to subfamily Philinae of family Vesperidae from cerambycoid assemblage. The first complete mitogenome of Spiniphilus spinicornis was reported. The genome is 15 707 bp in length and contains the typi...
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Ipiniphilus spinicornis belongs to subfamily Philinae of family Vesperidae from cerambycoid assemblage. The first complete mitogenome of Spiniphilus spinicornis was reported. The genome is 15 707 bp in length and contains the typical 37 genes that are arranged in the same order as that of the putative ancestor of beetles. The total base composition of the mitogenome is 30.9% for A, 11.1% for C, 19.3% for G, and 38.6% for T. The genome organization, nucleotide composition, and codon usage do not differ significantly from other martens. The percentage of A + T is 69.5%. The first complete mitogenome of subfamily Philinae could be used in studies of molecular systematics, phylogenetic, and conservation genetics. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Cerambycoidea was monophyly with high support value. Lamiinae, Cerambycinae, and Philinae were monophyly too, respectively.
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Ceratovacuna and Pseudoregma are important groups in Cerataphidini (Hemiptera, Hormaphidinae) that not only produce soldier aphids in galls on the primary hosts but also produce horned soldiers on the herbaceous secondary hosts. H...
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Ceratovacuna and Pseudoregma are important groups in Cerataphidini (Hemiptera, Hormaphidinae) that not only produce soldier aphids in galls on the primary hosts but also produce horned soldiers on the herbaceous secondary hosts. However, due to sampling bias in previous studies, the phylogenetic relationships of these two genera remain inconclusive. In this study, based on more extensive sampling and examination of both mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI); cytochrome b (Cytb)) and nuclear (elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1 alpha ); long-wavelength opsin (LWO)) genes, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of Ceratovacuna and Pseudoregma. Phylogenetic analyses, along with morphological evidence, suggested that these two genera belong to the paraphyletic groups with species clustered into three main groups. The monophyly of Ceratovacuna and Pseudoregma as a whole was generally supported by all analyses. Monophyly of Pseudoregma was also supported. The estimated divergence times demonstrated that diversification of Ceratovacuna and Pseudoregma occurred approximately at 10 mya. The relatively low resolution for the basal relationships of the three main clades may indicate that these two genera have experienced a rapid radiation along with speciation burst of their secondary hosts during the late Tertiary.
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The chestnut phylloxerid, Moritziella castaneivora, has been recently recorded as a forest pest in China. It heavily damaged chestnut trees and has caused serious economic losses in some main chestnut production areas. In order to...
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The chestnut phylloxerid, Moritziella castaneivora, has been recently recorded as a forest pest in China. It heavily damaged chestnut trees and has caused serious economic losses in some main chestnut production areas. In order to effectively monitor and manage this pest, it is necessary to investigate its potential geographical distribution worldwide. In this study, we used two ecological niche models, Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Production (GARP) and Maximum Entropy (Maxent), along with the geographical distribution of the host plants, Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata) and Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima), to predict the potential geographical distribution of M. castaneivora. The results suggested that the suitable distribution areas based on GARP were general consistent with those based on Maxent, but GARP predicted distribution areas that extended more in size than did Maxent. The results also indicated that the suitable areas for chestnut phylloxerid infestations were mainly restricted to Northeast China (northern Liaoning), East China (southern Shandong, northern Jiangsu and western Anhui), North China (southern Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin), Central China (eastern Hubei and southern Henan), Japan (Kinki, Shikoku and Tohoku) and most parts of the Korean Peninsula. In addition, some provinces of central and western China were predicted to have low suitability or unsuitable areas (e.g. Xinjiang, Qinghai and Tibet). A jackknife test in Maxent showed that the average precipitation in July was the most important environmental variable affecting the distribution of this pest species. Consequently, the study suggests several reasonable regulations and management strategies for avoiding the introduction or invasion of this high-risk chestnut pest to these potentially suitable areas.
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Different scales and frequencies of glaciations developed in Europe and Asia during the Pleistocene. Because species responses to climate change are influenced by interactive factors including ecology and local topography, the pat...
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Different scales and frequencies of glaciations developed in Europe and Asia during the Pleistocene. Because species responses to climate change are influenced by interactive factors including ecology and local topography, the pattern and tempo of species diversification may vary significantly across regions. The great tit Parus major is a widespread Eurasian passerine with a range that encircles the central Asian desert and high-altitude areas of the Tibetan Plateau. A number of genetic studies have assessed the effect of paleo-climate changes on the distribution of the European population. However, none have comprehensively addressed how paleo-climate change affected the distribution of the great tit in China, an apparent hotspot of P. major subspecific diversity. Here, we describe likely paleo-climatic effects on P. major populations in China based on a combination of phylogeography and ecological niche models (ENMs). We sequenced three mitochondrial DNA markers from 28 populations (213 individuals), and downloaded 112 sequences from outside its Chinese range. As the first step in clarifying the intra-specific relationships among haplotypes, we attempted to clarify the divergence and demography of populations in China. Phylogeographic analysis revealed that P. major is comprised of five highly divergent clades with geographic breaks corresponding to steep mountains and dry deserts. A previously undescribed monophyletic clade with high genetic diversity, stable niches and a long and independent evolutionary history was detected in the mountainous areas of southwest China. The estimated times at which these clades diverged was traced back to the Early-Middle Pleistocene (2.190.61 mya). Contrary to the post-LGM (the Last Glacial Maximum) expansion of European populations, demographic history indicates that Asian populations expanded before the LGM after which they remained relatively stable or grew slowly through the LGM. ENMs support this conclusion and predict a similar distribution in the present and the LGM. Our genetic and ecological results demonstrate that Pleistocene climate changes shaped the divergence and demography of P. major in China.
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Eight new species of Trypetinae (Diptera: Tephritidae) from China are described and illustrated. The new species are Cor-nutrypeta chishuiensis Chen sp. nov., C. motuonia Chen sp. nov., Hoplandromyia hubeiensis Chen sp. nov., H. m...
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Eight new species of Trypetinae (Diptera: Tephritidae) from China are described and illustrated. The new species are Cor-nutrypeta chishuiensis Chen sp. nov., C. motuonia Chen sp. nov., Hoplandromyia hubeiensis Chen sp. nov., H. motuonica Chen sp. nov., Magnimyiolia disrupta Chen sp. nov., M. tengchongnica Chen sp. nov., M. tibetana Chen et Wang sp. nov. and M. yunnanica Chen et Wang sp. nov. Keys to the known species of the genera Cornutrypeta Han et Wang and Hoplandromyia Bezzi from the World, andthe genera Magnimyiolia Shiraki from East Asia are updated and provided. C. spin-ifrons (Schroeder) is newly recorded from China, and the female of C. hunanica Chen et Wang is recorded, described and illustrated for the first time. Illustrations of the type of M. huanana Wang and a new distribution of C. hunanica Chen et Wang are provided.
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The present paper reports twelve species of the genus Gargela Walker from China. Ten species are reported as new to science, named herein G. bilineata, G. distigma, G. hastatela, G. xizangensis, G. hainana, G. albidusa, G. quadris...
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The present paper reports twelve species of the genus Gargela Walker from China. Ten species are reported as new to science, named herein G. bilineata, G. distigma, G. hastatela, G. xizangensis, G. hainana, G. albidusa, G. quadrispinula, G. furca, G.fuscusa, G. minuta. The adults and genital structures of new species are described, with photographs of the adults and illustrations of genitalia. A key to the Chinese species, based on male specimens is provided.
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摘要 :
The present paper reports twelve species of the genus Gargela Walker from China. Ten species are reported as new to science, named herein G. bilineata, G. distigma, G. hastatela, G. xizangensis, G. hainana, G. albidusa, G. quadris...
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The present paper reports twelve species of the genus Gargela Walker from China. Ten species are reported as new to science, named herein G. bilineata, G. distigma, G. hastatela, G. xizangensis, G. hainana, G. albidusa, G. quadrispinula, G. furca, G.fuscusa, G. minuta. The adults and genital structures of new species are described, with photographs of the adults and illustrations of genitalia. A key to the Chinese species, based on male specimens is provided.
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Four new Chlaenius species are described from Asian region: C. cheni Liu & Liang sp. n., C. bodhidharma Liu & Liang sp. n., C. li Liu & Liang sp. n., and C. aodai Liu & Liang sp. n. Chlaenius langsonensis Kirschenhofer, 2008 is assigned from subgenusOcybatus to Chlaenioctenus. Chlaenius (Chlaenioctenus) eneides Bates, 1892 is redescribed and lectotype is designated. A key to all species of the subgenus Chlaenioctenus is provided....
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Four new Chlaenius species are described from Asian region: C. cheni Liu & Liang sp. n., C. bodhidharma Liu & Liang sp. n., C. li Liu & Liang sp. n., and C. aodai Liu & Liang sp. n. Chlaenius langsonensis Kirschenhofer, 2008 is assigned from subgenusOcybatus to Chlaenioctenus. Chlaenius (Chlaenioctenus) eneides Bates, 1892 is redescribed and lectotype is designated. A key to all species of the subgenus Chlaenioctenus is provided.
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